Terracotta Warriors

A Design System from the Mausoleum

Inspired by the army of 8,000 clay soldiers buried with Emperor Qin Shi Huang in 210 BCE — each face unique, each rank distinct, all standing in eternal formation beneath the earth of Xi'an. This design system draws from the raw weight of fired clay, the cold gleam of bronze weaponry, the vermillion of imperial seals, and the silent grandeur of a tomb that waited 2,000 years to be found.

Section I

Color Palette

Colors drawn from the excavation pits of Lintong — the warm ochres of fired clay, the verdigris of corroded bronze, the cinnabar that once painted these warriors' faces, and the gold that adorned the Emperor's chariot.

Terracotta
#C2763A
Primary accent, buttons, borders
Fired Earth
#8B6244
Secondary backgrounds, borders
Raw Clay
#D4A87C
Headings, highlights
Bronze
#8B7355
Secondary elements, metal accents
Bronze Patina
#5A7A62
Aged surfaces, subtle tints
Jade
#4A7A5A
Success states, life, harmony
Cinnabar
#B03030
Danger, warnings, imperial seals
Imperial Gold
#C8A84C
Display text, premium elements
Silk Cream
#F0E6D4
Primary text on dark backgrounds
Deep Earth
#2A2018
Primary background
Section II

Typography

Three typefaces form the hierarchy: Cinzel evokes Roman-era inscriptions befitting an imperial decree, Noto Serif carries the weight of scholarly text, and Source Sans provides clean utility for labels and metadata.

Display / Cinzel 900
Eternal Army
Heading 1 / Cinzel 700
The First Emperor Unified Six Kingdoms
Heading 2 / Cinzel 600
Bronze Chariots of the Afterlife
Heading 3 / Cinzel 500
Excavation Report: Pit Number One
Body / Noto Serif 400
The terracotta warriors stand in battle formation, row upon row, facing east toward the conquered kingdoms. Each figure was individually crafted — generals with elaborate topknots and double-layered armor, kneeling archers with crossbows drawn, infantrymen gripping bronze spears now corroded to green. After 2,200 years underground, pigment traces reveal they were once painted in vivid cinnabar, azurite, and malachite.
Body Italic / Noto Serif 400 Italic
In the spring of 1974, farmers digging a well near Xi'an struck fragments of a clay figure. They had no idea they were standing above one of the greatest archaeological discoveries in human history.
Caption / Source Sans 400
Fig. 14 — Cross-section of Pit 1 showing warrior formation density. Layer 3 sediment deposits indicate flooding ca. 206 BCE during the fall of the Qin Dynasty.
Inscription / Cinzel 700, Spaced
By Decree of the Son of Heaven, Lord of Ten Thousand Years
Metadata / Source Sans 500
Artifact ID: QSH-PIT1-W0847 · Sector C-14 · Depth: 4.2m · Condition: Fragmentary
Section III

Spacing

A disciplined scale based on an 8px unit — echoing the rigid formation spacing of the terracotta army, where each warrior stands precisely 1.2 meters apart in ranks stretching the length of three football fields.

--space-xs
--space-sm
--space-md
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Section IV

Buttons

Controls modeled after the bronze fittings of Qin-era weaponry — crossbow triggers, chariot axle caps, and sword pommels. Heavy, tactile, purposeful. Each click carries the weight of an imperial command.

Standard Buttons

Button Sizes

Section V

Forms

Input fields styled after bamboo slip records and silk scroll inventories — the administrative machinery that managed an empire of millions. Every field captures data with the precision of a Qin census taker.

Format: Site-Pit-Type followed by sequence number
Section VI

Cards

Content panels inspired by the partitioned burial pits — each chamber sealed for millennia, each containing its own regiment of warriors, chariots, or bronze birds. Open one and discover what lies within.

Pit 1 — Infantry

The largest pit: 230 meters long, containing over 6,000 warriors and horses arranged in battle formation. Eleven corridors of soldiers face east, flanked by archers and chariots. The vanguard alone spans three rows deep.

Bronze Armory

Over 40,000 bronze weapons recovered: swords, spears, crossbow triggers, and halberds. Chrome-plated to resist corrosion — a technique the West would not discover for another 2,000 years. Some blades still cut paper.

Jade Bi Discs

Ritual jade objects accompanied the Emperor into death. The bi disc — a circle with a central hole — symbolized heaven itself. Nephrite jade, carved to translucent thinness, polished until it sang when struck.

Imperial Seal

The Heirloom Seal of the Realm, carved from the legendary He Shi Bi jade, bore the inscription: "Having received the Mandate from Heaven, may the Emperor lead a long and prosperous life." It passed through dynasties for over a millennium.

Section VII

Alerts

Notifications bearing the gravity of imperial edicts and archaeological field reports. Each level carries its own urgency, from routine cataloging to the discovery of an unopened chamber.

Field Report

Fragmentation pattern in Sector D-7 consistent with structural collapse during the Xiang Yu burning of 206 BCE. Timber ceiling supports carbonized. Warrior figures in this corridor show fire damage to upper torsos.

Imperial Notice

New conservation wing approved for the Museum of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses. Climate-controlled vaults will preserve original pigment traces using nitrogen atmosphere at 40% relative humidity.

Critical Warning

Mercury contamination detected in soil samples from the inner tomb mound. Sima Qian's account of rivers of mercury may be literal. Excavation of the central burial chamber remains suspended pending further assessment.

Discovery

Previously unknown pit identified via ground-penetrating radar, 120 meters northeast of Pit 3. Anomaly suggests a formation of approximately 200 figures in an arrangement not seen in other pits. Excavation proposal submitted.

Conservation Update

Warrior QSH-PIT1-W0847 reassembly complete. 184 fragments reattached using reversible adhesive. Original lacquer ground layer stabilized with Paraloid B-72. Total conservation time: 2,340 hours across 14 months.

Badges

Terracotta Bronze Jade Cinnabar Imperial Gold Fired Earth
Section VIII

Warrior Ranks

The terracotta army replicated the Qin military hierarchy in clay. Generals stood tallest at 196cm, wearing double-layered armor with riveted plates and pheasant-tail caps. Common soldiers wore simple tunics. Rank was readable at a glance — in life as in death.

Supreme Commander
General
Tallest figures at 196cm. Double-layered armor with fish-scale plates. Pheasant-tail cap. Hands positioned to hold a ceremonial sword. Only 9 have been found across all three pits.
Field Command
Officer
Mid-ranking commanders wearing single-layer armor and flat caps. Positioned at corridor intersections to direct formations. Distinguished by smaller armor plates and chest ribbons.
Front Line
Infantry
The backbone of the army. Standing at attention, originally holding bronze spears or ge halberds. Light armor or quilted tunics. Hair in various regional topknot styles indicating home provinces.
Ranged Division
Archer
Both standing and kneeling variants. The kneeling archer is the best-preserved figure ever found — never toppled. Shoes show individually carved tread patterns on each sole.
Mounted Corps
Cavalryman
Shorter armor for riding, tight-fitting caps without chin straps. Each stands beside a saddled terracotta horse. Found primarily in Pit 2, the cavalry unit comprises 116 paired figures.
Section IX

Archaeological Grid

A layout system inspired by the coordinate grids archaeologists use to map excavation sites — each cell a precisely measured square of earth, cataloged and photographed before a single gram of soil is removed.

A1-A2
Corridor 1 vanguard — 204 warriors in 3 ranks, facing east. First line unarmored: expendable shock troops or a display of fearlessness.
Excavated
A3
Chariot remains — wooden components decayed, bronze fittings in situ.
Excavated
A4
High mercury readings. Proximity to central mound suggests ritual deposits.
Sealed
B1
Mixed formation: kneeling archers alternating with standing infantry.
In Progress
B2-B3
Pit 2 cavalry section. 116 horses with riders. Saddles show felt-pad construction. No stirrups — consistent with 3rd century BCE dating.
In Progress
B4
GPR anomaly. Unexcavated. Density suggests 60-80 figures.
Surveyed
C1-C2
Central Command Pit

Pit 3 — the smallest pit, interpreted as the army's command headquarters. 68 figures, no battle formation. Officers face inward around a war council arrangement. Deer horn and animal bones suggest ritual sacrifice before the campaign. This is where the orders were given.
Excavated
C3
Bronze crane and waterfowl figures. Afterlife garden scene.
Excavated
C4
Empty pit. Possibly never completed before the dynasty fell in 206 BCE.
Surveyed
Section X

Imperial Seal

The zhuan shu seal script — angular, authoritative, stamped in cinnabar paste onto silk edicts. An emblem component for official marks, authentication stamps, and ceremonial insignia within the design system.

QIN

Imperial Seal — Cinnabar Variant

JADE

Jade Seal — Ceremonial Variant

Section XI

Design Principles

Four principles drawn from the legacy of the First Emperor and his eternal army — the philosophy that shapes every element in this design system.

Standardization

Qin Shi Huang unified weights, measures, currency, and axle widths across a continent. A design system must likewise enforce consistency — one spacing scale, one type hierarchy, one color language. Uniformity is not limitation; it is the foundation of an empire.

Individuality in Formation

No two warriors share the same face. Within the rigid structure of military formation, each figure expresses unique humanity — different hairstyles, expressions, hand positions. Great systems balance strict consistency with purposeful variation.

Built to Endure

These warriors have stood for 2,200 years. The bronze weapons resist corrosion. The crossbow triggers still function. Build components that last — semantic HTML, accessible patterns, no dependency on ephemeral frameworks. Design for eternity.

Monumental Scale

The mausoleum complex covers 56 square kilometers. The tomb mound is a man-made mountain. Think in terms of systems, not pages — design at the scale of ambition. Every component should feel like it belongs to something vast and interconnected.